+++ /dev/null
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-copy of the Program in return for a fee.
-
- END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
- How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
- If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
- To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
- fusefile
- Copyright (C) 2019 Ralph Ronnquist
-
- This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
- If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
-notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
- fusefile Copyright (C) 2019 Ralph Ronnquist
- This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
- This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
- under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-
-The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
-parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
-might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
-
- You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
-if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
-For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
-<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
-into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
-may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
-the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
-Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
-<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+++ /dev/null
-BINS = fusefile
-
-default: $(BINS)
-
-ifneq (${DEBUG},)
-${BINS}: CFLAGS += -DDEBUG=1 -g
-endif
-
-${BINS}: CFLAGS += -Wall -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
-fusefile: LDFLAGS = -lfuse -pthread
-
-.INTERMEDIATE: fusefile.o
-fusefile.o: fusefile.c
-
-fusefile: fusefile.o
- $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $? $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -o $@
-
-clean:
- rm -f $(BINS)
-
-README.html: README.adoc
- asciidoctor $< > $@
-
-# Building a debian package
-
-SBINDIR = $(DESTDIR)/usr/sbin
-MAN8DIR = $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man/man8
-
-SBINFILES = fusefile fusedisk
-MAN8FILES = fusefile.8
-
-INSTALLTARGETS = $(addprefix $(SBINDIR)/,$(SBINFILES))
-INSTALLTARGETS += $(addprefix $(MAN8DIR)/,$(MAN8FILES))
-
-$(SBINDIR)/% $(MAN8DIR)/%: %
- install -D -T $< $@
-
-install: $(INSTALLTARGETS)
-
-deb:
- PREFIX= INCLUDE_PREFIX=/usr dpkg-buildpackage --build=full -uc -us
+++ /dev/null
-# fusefile
-:author: Ralph Ronnquist
-:revdate: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 21:18:34 +1000
-
-This project implements a "fuse" device to mount a concatenation of
-fragments of one or more files as a single file.
-
-The __fused file__ allows writing to fragments (without changing their
-sizes); of course only for writable fragment files. The fused file may
-be set up with an __overlay file__ to capture changes instead of
-writing the underlying fragment files.
-
-====
-This is a usage example to set up a fused file C consisting of files A
-and B:
-----
-$ fusefile C A B
-----
-====
-
-====
-This is an example of tearing down a fused file C:
-----
-$ fusermount -u C
-----
-====
-
-See the +man page+ for usage details and some more examples.
-
-3.0 (native)
+3.0 (quilt)
+++ /dev/null
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Set up a fusefile as a disk device using device mapper.
-# Note that this requires root access.
-
-if [ $(id -u) != 0 ] ; then
- echo "block device set up requires root." >&2
- exit 1
-fi
-
-# fuse blkdev mounting needs to sniff an existing but unmounted block
-# device node for setup. However the device mapping has an empty table
-# and the content is only accessible via the fuse mount that links it
-# to the fusefile process. The device node (major:minor) are still
-# considered in use by the kernel and, and the device node is "open"
-# while mounted.
-
-[ -e /dev/mapper/control ] || modprobe dm_mod || exit 1
-
-# Create up to N fusedisk named as fusedisk0..fusediskN, the device
-# mapper also creates its dm-X device nodes and we also force
-# /dev/mapper/$NAME nodes for them.
-N=15
-DEV=
-for I in $(seq 0 $N) ; do
- NAME=fusedisk$I
- C="$(dmsetup info --noheadings -c -o open $NAME 2>/dev/null)"
- if [ "$C" != "1" ] ; then
- if [ -z "$C" ] ; then
- dmsetup create $NAME --notable || exit 1
- dmsetup mknodes $NAME || exit 1
- fi
- DEV=/dev/mapper/$NAME
- break
- fi
-done
-if [ -z "$DEV" ] ; then
- echo "** No more fusedisk devices" >&2
- exit 1
-fi
-echo "using $DEV for $*" | logger -t fusedisk
-exec fusefile -oblkdev,fsname=$DEV -oallow_other $*
+++ /dev/null
-.mso www.tmac
-.TH fusefile 8
-.SH NAME
-fusefile, fusedisk \- FUSE file mount for combining file fragments
-
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fusefile \fR[\fIfuse-opts\fR] \fBmountpoint\fR \fR[\fIoverlay\fR] \fIfilename/from-to\fR ...
-.br
-.B fusefile \fB-dump\fR \fR[\fIfuse-opts\fR] \fBmountpoint\fR \fR[\fIoverlay\fR] \fIfilename/from-to\fR ...
-.br
-.B fusedisk \fR[\fIfuse-opts\fR] \fBmountpoint\fR \fR[\fIoverlay\fR] \fIfilename/from-to\fR ...
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-
-\fBfusefile\fR is a FUSE \fIfile mount\fR that presents a series of
-fragments of other files as a contiguous concatenation. Technically it
-bind mounts a driver on top of the filename mountpoint to provide
-access to the given file fragments as if in a single, contiguous file.
-
-\fBfusefile\fR accepts over-writing on the fused file (i.e. the
-mountpoint) which gets distributed accordingly to the fragments. But
-neither the fused file nor the fragments can change size; any writing
-thus merely over-writes content without truncating fragments. All
-fragment files are held open while \fBfusefile\fR is active.
-
-By using the optional \fB-overlay:\fIfilename\fR argument between the
-mount point and the fragments, an overlay file may be set up. The
-overlay file will then be used by \fBfusefile\fR for capturing writes
-to the fused file (i.e. the mountpoint). The overlay file will contain
-any new written fused file regions followed by meta data to
-distinguish between new, written content and old content that comes
-from the fragments.
-
-The option \fB-dump\fR as first argument together with a fusefile
-setup will print the setup to standard output rather than establishing
-a fusefile mount. This is of most use with a prior overlay setup,
-where then the printout includes the portions of updates that have
-been captured in the overlay. The printout is the series of fusefile
-fragment argments to give in order to intersperse the captured overlay
-portions according to the overlay table.
-
-\fBfusedisk\fR is a helper script to set up a \fBfusefile\fR as a
-block device (via \fIfuseblk\fR) by using the device mapper
-(\fBdmsetup\fR) to manage an empty block device mapping where content
-is handled at the mountpoint via \fBfusefile\fR. (Note that the same
-thing may be done with the device manager directly, but then all
-fragments need to be in sectors of N*512 bytes whereas with
-\fBfusedisk\fR, only the fused file as a whole is "clipped" at nearest
-N*512 bytes below actual size)
-
-.SH FRAGMENT ARGUMENTS
-
-The fragment arguments include the filename of a source file, and
-optionally start and end byte positions. All in all there five
-variations:
-
-.TP
-\fIfilename\fR or \fIfilename/\fR
-include all of the file. A pathname that includes "/" must be ended
-with an extra "/" since that last "/" separates the filename from the
-range detail.
-
-.TP
-\fIfilename/start:end\fR
-include the range from the given start to end. Either "start" or "end"
-or both may be omitted, to mean the beginning and end of the file
-respectively. If "start" or "end" are less than 0 then it means
-relative to the end of the file.
-
-.TP
-\fIfilename/start+length\fR
-include "length" bytes from the given start. A negative "start" means
-relative to the end of the file. If "length" is negative or omitted it
-means that position relative to the end.
-
-.TP
-\fIfilename/start\fR include bytes from the given start. This is the
-same as "/start+"
-
-.P
-Note that a negative start position is clipped to 0 and a too large
-end position is clipped to the end of the file.
-
-.P
-Character devices are treated as being of any given finite size, but
-have size 0 by default. For example, "/dev/zero/:100" means a fragment
-of 100 NUL bytes.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-
-This section enumerates the most interesting options to use with
-\fBfuesfile\fR. See "man fuse" and "man mount" for more options.
-
-.TP
-\fB-dump\fR
-
-The \fB-dump\fR "option" tells \fBfusefile\fR to print out the
-applicable fragment sequence for the current setup, including the
-overlay table, if any. The printout is done instead of setting up a
-mount point.
-
-.TP
-\fB-o\fIallow_other\fB
-
-The fuse option \fI-oallow_other\fR is needed for sharing the fused
-file with other users who otherwise will not have access to it
-(including "root"). Note however that this must first be enabled in
-\fI/etc/fuse.conf\fR.
-
-.TP
-\fB-o\fInonempty\fR
-
-The fuse option \fI-ononempty\fR may need to be used when reusing an
-existing file as mountpoint.
-
-.TP
-\fB-o\fIuid=...\fR and \fB-o\fIgid=...\fR,
-
-These mount options, where \fI...\fR is a user or group id
-respectively, are useful for root when using \fBfusedisk\fR and
-thereby give user or group ownership for the mount to the nominated
-user or group.
-
-.SH EXAMPLES
-This section illustrates uses of \fBfusefile\fR.
-
-.SS Exanple 1.
-Insert a file "y" into a file "x" at position 1200.
-.RS
-\fB$ fusefile -ononempty x x/:1200 y x/1200:\fR
-.RE
-This also shadows the original file "x" and presents the fused file
-instead.
-
-.SS Example 2.
-Make fused file y be a swap of the beginning and end of file "x", at
-position 2442.
-.RS
-\fB$ fusefile y x/2442: x/:2442\fR
-.RE
-
-.SS Example 3.
-Replace partition 2 of an image file, \fIA\fR, with a different
-file, \fIX\fR. For this example the partition table looks as follows.
-.RS
-\fB$ partx -oNR,START,SECTORS \fIA\fR
- NR START SECTORS
- 1 2048 2097152
- 2 2099200 409600
- 3 2508800 14268383
-.RE
-.br
-As each sector is 512 bytes the clipping points around partition 2 are
-1074790400 and 1284505600 and the insertion size is 209715200 bytes.
-The \fBfusefile\fR comman will therefore be as follows.
-.RS
-\fB$ fusefile -ononempty \fIA\fB \fIA\fB/:1074790400 \fIX\fB/:209715200 \fIA\fB/1284505600\fR
-.RE
-Note that the fused file shadows the original file \fIA\fR.
-
-.SS Example 4.
-Protect raw disk image file with an overlay:
-.RS
-\fB$ fusefile -ononempty disk.raw -overlay:today disk.raw\fR
-.RE
-By that set up, the overlay file, "today", will protect the disk image
-file, "disk.raw" from changes, and also override the pathname
-"disk.raw" to be the fused file.
-
-.SS Example 5.
-A fusefile mount with an \fIoverlay file\fR is writable regardless of
-the fused fragments, but all updates are written to the overlay file
-instead of to the fragments.
-
-.RS
-\fB$ fusefile -ononempty \fIA\fR \fB-overlay:\fIB\fB \fIA\fR
-.RE
-
-The overlay file, \fIB\fR in the example, contains all changes to the
-shadowed original file, \fIA\fR. The overlay file contains only the
-newly written regions and content is otherwise obtained from the
-original file.
-
-To that end, the overlay file also contains a "marker table" at the
-end as if appended to the fused file. That part of the file is outside
-of the fused file; and it's simply an element count followed by pairs
-of byte addresses that tell which regions of the fused file have been
-captured into the overlay file. (The marker table is of course
-maintained so that adjoining regions are collapsed)
-
-Thus, an overlay file may be reused to later re-establish the same
-fused file with overlay as previously, to continue capturing more
-changes.
-
-.SS Example 6.
-As final example, we set up a fused block device \fIy\fR as a swap of
-the beginning and end of file "x", at position 2442:
-.RS
-\fB$ sudo fusedisk -ouid=1000 y x/2442: x/:2442\fR
-.RE
-Note the use of \fBsudo\fR for becoming \fIroot\fR, which is required
-for block device handling, and also the \fB-ouid=1000\fR option so as
-to make the block device \fIy\fR be owned by the user with id 1000.
-
-.SH NOTES
-
-\fBfusefile\fR opens the nominated source files before any bind
-mounting. With the fuse option \fI-ononempty\fR it will bind over an
-non-empty file, which may be useful. The source files remain open, but
-the source fragments are not recomputed. If a source file changes the
-fused file will present the new content. If a source is reduced in
-size, access will be inconsistent.
-
-If the mountpoint file doesn't exist, then \fBfusefile\fR creates it.
-
-Unmounting is done with "\fBfusermount -u\fR \fImountpoint\fR" as
-usual. A \fBfusedisk\fR mount is unmounted by \fIroot\fR using
-\fBumount\fR.
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBfuse, fusermount, mount, dmsetup\fR
-
-.SH AUTHOR
-
-Ralph Rönnquist <ralph.ronnquist@gmail.com>.
-
+++ /dev/null
-/***
- fusefile - overlay a file path with a concatenation of parts of
- other files.
-
- Copyright (C) 2019- Ralph Ronnquist
-
- This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
- modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
- published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
- License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program. If not, see
- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- This source was inspired by the "null.c" example of the libfuse
- sources, which is distributed under GPL2, and copyright (C)
- 2001-2007 Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>.
-*/
-
-#define FUSE_USE_VERSION 33
-
-#include <fuse.h>
-#include <fuse/fuse_lowlevel.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <linux/fs.h>
-
-struct Region {
- off_t beg;
- off_t end;
-};
-
-struct Source {
- char *filename;
- ssize_t from;
- ssize_t to;
- ssize_t start; // starting position in concatenated file
- int fd;
- int dirty;
-};
-
-static struct {
- struct Source *array;
- int count;
- ssize_t size;
-} sources;
-
-static struct {
- time_t atime;
- time_t mtime;
- time_t ctime;
-} times;
-
-/**
- * Overlay
- */
-static struct {
- struct Source source;
- struct Region *table;
- size_t count;
- size_t limit;
-} overlay;
-
-static void usage();
-
-/**
- * Find the nearest overlay.table region below pos. Returns the index,
- * or -1 if there is none, i.e. pos < overlay.table[0].
- */
-static ssize_t overlay_prior_fragment(off_t pos) {
- size_t lo = 0, hi = overlay.count;
- while ( lo < hi ) {
- size_t m = ( lo + hi ) / 2;
- if ( m == lo ) {
- return overlay.table[m].beg <= pos? m : -1;
- }
- if ( overlay.table[m].beg <= pos ) {
- lo = m;
- } else {
- hi = m;
- }
- }
- return -1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Save the entry count for overlay.table as 64-bit integer
- * immediately following the overlay content at the index
- * corresponding to the fused file size.
- */
-static void overlay_save_count() {
- lseek( overlay.source.fd, overlay.source.to, SEEK_SET );
- size_t size = sizeof( overlay.count );
- char *p = (char *) &overlay.count ;
- while ( size > 0 ) {
- size_t n = write( overlay.source.fd, p, size );
- if ( n < 0 ) {
- perror( overlay.source.filename );
- exit( 1 );
- }
- size -= n;
- p += n;
- }
- if ( overlay.source.dirty++ > 1000 ) {
- fsync( overlay.source.fd );
- overlay.source.dirty = 0;
- }
-}
-
-/**
- * Update the on-disk cache of overlay.table between the given
- * indexes. The table is laid out immediately following the table
- * count with each region saved as two 64-bit unsigned integers.
- */
-static void overlay_save_table(size_t lo,size_t hi) {
- char *p = (char *) &overlay.table[ lo ];
- size_t pos = overlay.source.to + sizeof( overlay.count ) +
- lo * sizeof( struct Region );
- size_t size = ( hi - lo ) * sizeof( struct Region );
- if ( pos != lseek( overlay.source.fd, pos, SEEK_SET ) ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "%s: seek error\n", overlay.source.filename );
- exit( 1 );
- }
- while ( size > 0 ) {
- size_t n = write( overlay.source.fd, p, size );
- if ( n < 0 ) {
- perror( overlay.source.filename );
- exit( 1 );
- }
- size -= n;
- p += n;
- }
- if ( overlay.source.dirty++ > 1000 ) {
- fsync( overlay.source.fd );
- overlay.source.dirty = 0;
- }
-}
-
-/**
- * Insert a new region at index p, with previous portion [p,count]
- * moved up to make space.
- */
-static void overlay_insert(size_t p,off_t beg,off_t end) {
- size_t bytes;
- // Grow the table if needed
- if ( overlay.count >= overlay.limit ) {
- overlay.limit = overlay.count + 10;
- bytes = overlay.limit * sizeof( struct Region );
- overlay.table = overlay.table?
- realloc( overlay.table, bytes ) : malloc( bytes );
- }
- bytes = ( overlay.count++ - p ) * sizeof( struct Region );
- if ( bytes ) {
- memmove( (char*) &overlay.table[ p+1 ],
- (char*) &overlay.table[ p ],
- bytes );
- }
- overlay.table[ p ].beg = beg;
- overlay.table[ p ].end = end;
- overlay_save_count();
-}
-
-/**
- * Delete the region entry at p by moving the portion [p+1,count]
- * down.
- */
-static void overlay_delete(size_t p) {
- size_t bytes = ( --overlay.count - p ) * sizeof( struct Region );
- if ( bytes ) {
- memmove( (char*) &overlay.table[ p ],
- (char*) &overlay.table[ p+1 ],
- bytes );
- }
-}
-
-/**
- * Mark the given region as updated, i.e. written to the overlay. The
- * mark region may attach to prior marked regions or be a new,
- * separate region. If attaching, it causes the prior regions to
- * expand and the table adjusted by deleting any regions that become
- * fully contained in other regions.
- */
-static void overlay_mark(off_t beg,off_t end) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay_mark( %ld, %ld )\n", beg, end );
-#endif
- int deleted = 0;
- ssize_t q;
- ssize_t p = overlay_prior_fragment( beg );
- // p is the nearest region below or at beg (or -1)
- if ( p >= 0 && beg <= overlay.table[p].end ) {
- // p overlaps mark region
- if ( end <= overlay.table[p].end ) {
- // region p covers mark region already
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay covering ( %ld %ld )\n",
- overlay.table[p].beg, overlay.table[p].end );
-#endif
- return;
- }
- // the new mark region extends region p
- overlay.table[p].end = end;
- q = p+1;
- while ( q < overlay.count &&
- overlay.table[q].beg <= overlay.table[p].end ) {
- // Extended region merges with subsequent region
- if ( overlay.table[p].end < overlay.table[q].end ) {
- overlay.table[p].end = overlay.table[q].end;
- }
- overlay_delete( q );
- deleted++;
- }
- if ( deleted ) {
- overlay_save_count();
- q = overlay.count;
- }
- overlay_save_table( p, q );
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay expand ( %ld %ld ) deleted %d\n",
- overlay.table[p].beg, overlay.table[p].end, deleted );
-#endif
- return;
- }
- // The prior region p does not expand into new mark region
- p++; // subsequent region
- if ( p >= overlay.count || end < overlay.table[p].beg ) {
- // New mark region is a separate region at p
- overlay_insert( p, beg, end );
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay new ( %ld %ld )\n",
- overlay.table[p].beg, overlay.table[p].end );
-#endif
- overlay_save_table( p, overlay.count );
- return;
- }
- // New marks start before and overlap with region p => change p
- // and handle any subsequent regions being covered
- overlay.table[p].beg = beg;
- q = p+1;
- if ( overlay.table[p].end < end ) {
- overlay.table[p].end = end;
- while ( q < overlay.count &&
- overlay.table[q].beg <= overlay.table[p].end ) {
- if ( overlay.table[p].end < overlay.table[q].end ) {
- overlay.table[p].end = overlay.table[q].end;
- }
- overlay_delete( q );
- deleted++;
- }
- if ( deleted ) {
- overlay_save_count();
- q = overlay.count;
- }
- }
- overlay_save_table( p, q );
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay before ( %ld %ld ) deleted %d\n",
- overlay.table[p].beg, overlay.table[p].end, deleted );
-#endif
-}
-
-static void setup_overlay(char *filename) {
- overlay.source.filename = filename;
- overlay.source.fd = open( filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR );
- if ( overlay.source.fd < 0 ) {
- perror( filename );
- usage();
- }
-}
-
-#if DEBUG
-static void print_source(struct Source *p) {
- fprintf( stderr, "%p { %s, %ld, %ld, %ld, %d }\n",
- p, p->filename, p->from, p->to, p->start, p-> fd );
-}
-#endif
-
-static char *range;
-static unsigned int c;
-static int RANGE(int s,int n ) {
- return ( s == n ) && *(range+c) == 0;
-}
-
-static int setup_source(struct Source *p,char *frag) {
- struct stat filestat;
- // Open the fragment file rw if possible, else ro
- range = strrchr( frag, '/' ); // last '/'
- p->filename = range? strndup( frag, range - frag ) : frag;
- p->fd = open( p->filename, O_RDWR );
- int rdonly = 0;
- if ( p->fd < 0 ) {
- rdonly = 1;
- p->fd = open( p->filename, O_RDONLY );
- }
- if ( p->fd < 0 ) {
- perror( p->filename );
- return 1; // Error return
- }
- if ( stat( p->filename, &filestat ) ) {
- perror( p->filename );
- return 1;
- }
- if ( rdonly ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "** %s opened read-only\n", p->filename );
- }
- p->from = 0;
- if ( S_ISBLK( filestat.st_mode ) ) {
- // Block devices report size differently:
- if ( ioctl( p->fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &filestat.st_size ) < 0 ) {
- perror( p->filename );
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "block device size = %ld\n", filestat.st_size );
-#endif
- }
- p->to = filestat.st_size;
- // Process any range variation
- if ( range && *(++range) ) {
- int a,b;
- if ( 0 ) {
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, "%d:%d%n", &a, &b, &c ), 2 )) {
- p->from = ( a < 0 )? ( p->to + a ) : a;
- p->to = ( b < 0 )? ( p->to + b ) : b;
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, "%d+%d%n", &a, &b, &c ), 2 )) {
- p->from = ( a < 0 )? ( p->to + a ) : a;
- p->to = ( ( b < 0 )? p->to : p->from ) + b;
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, "%d+%n", &a, &c ), 1 )) {
- p->from = ( a < 0 )? ( p->to + a ) : a;
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, ":%d%n", &b, &c ), 1 )) {
- p->to = ( b < 0 )? ( p->to + b ) : b;
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, "%d:%n", &a, &c ), 1 )) {
- p->from = ( a < 0 )? ( p->to + a ) : a;
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, "%d%n", &a, &c ), 1 )) {
- if ( a >= 0 ) {
- p->from = a;
- } else {
- p->from = p->to + a;
- }
- } else if ( RANGE( sscanf( range, ":%n", &c), 0 ) ) {
- // to end from start
- } else {
- fprintf( stderr, "** BAD RANGE: %s\n", frag );
- return 1;
- }
- }
- if ( ( filestat.st_mode & S_IFMT ) == S_IFCHR ) {
- filestat.st_size = p->to; // Pretend size of character device
- }
- if ( p->from < 0 ) {
- p->from = 0;
- }
- if ( p->to > filestat.st_size ) {
- p->to = filestat.st_size;
- }
- if ( p->from >= p->to || p->from >= filestat.st_size ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "** BAD RANGE: %s [%ld:%ld]\n",
- frag, p->from, p->to );
- return 1;
- }
- p->start = sources.size; // the fusefile position of fragment
- sources.size += p->to - p->from;
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int setup_sources(char **argv,int i,int n) {
- sources.array = calloc( n, sizeof( struct Source ) );
- if ( sources.array == 0 ) {
- return 1;
- }
- sources.count = n;
- int j = 0;
- sources.size = 0;
- for ( ; j < n; i++, j++ ) {
- struct Source *p = sources.array + j;
- if ( setup_source( p, argv[i] ) ) {
- return 1;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- print_source( p );
-#endif
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_getattr(const char *path,struct stat *stbuf) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_getattr( %s )\n", path );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "getattr %ld\n", sources.size );
-#endif
- memset( stbuf, 0, sizeof( struct stat ) );
- stbuf->st_mode = S_IFREG | 0644; // Hmmm
- stbuf->st_nlink = 1;
- stbuf->st_size = sources.size;
- stbuf->st_atime = times.atime;
- stbuf->st_mtime = times.mtime;
- stbuf->st_ctime = times.ctime;
- stbuf->st_uid = getuid();
- stbuf->st_gid = getgid();
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_chmod(const char *path,mode_t m) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_chmod( %s, %d )\n", path, m );
-#endif
- return -1;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_open(const char *path,struct fuse_file_info *fi) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_open( %s, %d )\n", path, fi->flags );
- fprintf( stderr, "fixing( %d )\n", fi->flags | O_CLOEXEC );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- // set O-CLOEXEC for this opening?
- times.atime = time( 0 );
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int find_source(off_t offset) {
- int lo = 0;
- int hi = sources.count;
- if ( offset >= sources.size ) {
- return -1;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "find_source( %ld )\n", offset );
-#endif
- while ( lo + 1 < hi ) {
- int m = ( lo + hi ) / 2;
- if ( offset < sources.array[ m ].start ) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " offset < [%d].start: %ld\n",
- m, sources.array[ m ].start );
-#endif
- hi = m;
- } else {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " offset >= [%d].start: %ld\n",
- m, sources.array[ m ].start );
-#endif
- lo = m;
- }
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "found %d\n", lo );
-#endif
- return lo;
-}
-
-static int overlay_merge(char *buf,off_t beg,off_t end) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "merge %ld %ld\n", beg, end );
-#endif
- // Find nearest overlay data before or at beg
- ssize_t p = overlay_prior_fragment( beg );
- if ( p < 0 ) {
- p = 0;
- }
- for ( ; p < overlay.count && overlay.table[p].beg < end; p++ ) {
- if ( overlay.table[p].end < beg ) {
- continue;
- }
- if ( overlay.table[p].beg > beg ) {
- size_t delta = overlay.table[p].beg - beg;
- buf += delta;
- beg += delta;
- }
- size_t size = ( overlay.table[p].end <= end )?
- ( overlay.table[p].end - beg ) : ( end - beg );
- lseek( overlay.source.fd, beg, SEEK_SET );
- while ( size > 0 ) {
- size_t n = read( overlay.source.fd, buf, size );
- size -= n;
- buf += n;
- beg += n; //
- }
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-// Read <size> bytes from <offset> in file
-static int fusefile_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size,
- off_t off, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_read( %s )\n", path );
-#endif
- if( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "read %ld %ld\n", off, size );
-#endif
- size_t rr = 0; // total reading
- while ( size > 0 ) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " find_source %ld %ld\n", off, size );
-#endif
- int i = find_source( off );
- if ( i < 0 ) {
- return ( off == sources.size )? rr : -ENOENT;
- }
- if ( sources.array[i].fd < 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- print_source( &sources.array[i] );
-#endif
- times.atime = time( 0 );
- size_t b = off - sources.array[i].start + sources.array[i].from;
- size_t n = sources.array[i].to - b;
- if ( n > size ) {
- n = size;
- }
- if ( sources.array[i].dirty ) {
- fsync( sources.array[i].fd );
- sources.array[i].dirty = 0;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " seek fd=%d to %ld\n", sources.array[i].fd, b );
-#endif
- if ( lseek( sources.array[i].fd, b, SEEK_SET ) < 0 ) {
- perror( sources.array[i].filename );
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " now read %ld from fd=%d\n",
- n, sources.array[i].fd );
-#endif
- ssize_t r = read( sources.array[i].fd, buf + rr, n );
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " got %ld bytes\n", r );
-#endif
- if ( r < 0 ) {
- perror( sources.array[i].filename );
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- if ( r == 0 ) {
- break;
- }
- if ( overlay.source.filename ) {
- if ( overlay.source.dirty ) {
- fsync( overlay.source.fd );
- overlay.source.dirty = 0;
- }
- int x = overlay_merge( buf + rr, off + rr, off + rr + r );
- if ( x ) {
- return x;
- }
- }
- rr += r;
- off += r;
- size -= r;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, " total reading %ld bytes\n", rr );
-#endif
- return rr;
-}
-
-/**
- * Poll for IO readiness.
- */
-int fusefile_poll(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi,
- struct fuse_pollhandle *ph, unsigned *reventsp )
-{
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_poll( %s ) %p %d\n", path, ph, *reventsp );
-#endif
- if( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- if ( ph ) {
- return fuse_notify_poll( ph );
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-static void overlay_load() {
- lseek( overlay.source.fd, overlay.source.to, SEEK_SET );
- size_t x = 0;
- size_t size = sizeof( overlay.count );
- if ( read( overlay.source.fd, &x, size ) != size ) {
- return;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay: %s with %ld regions\n",
- overlay.source.filename, x );
-#endif
- struct Region f = { 0, 0 };
- size = sizeof( struct Region );
- while ( x-- > 0 ) {
- if ( read( overlay.source.fd, &f, size ) != size ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "%s: bad meta data\n", overlay.source.filename );
- exit( 1 );
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "overlay region: %ld %ld\n", f.beg, f.end );
-#endif
- overlay_mark( f.beg, f.end );
- }
-}
-
-/**
- * Write a full block of data over the sources at the offset
- */
-static int write_block(off_t off,const char *buf,size_t size) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "write_block( %ld, ?, %ld )\n", off, size );
-#endif
- if ( overlay.source.filename ) {
- overlay_mark( off, off + size ); // Mark region as written
- }
- while ( size > 0 ) {
- int index = find_source( off ); // index of source file
- if ( index < 0 ) {
- return -EIO; // past EOF
- }
- struct Source *source = overlay.source.filename?
- &overlay.source : &sources.array[ index ];
- off_t from = off - source->start + source->from;
- off_t max = source->to - from;
- if ( lseek( source->fd, from, SEEK_SET ) < 0 ) {
- return -EIO;
- }
- ssize_t todo = ( size < max )? size : max;
- while ( todo > 0 ) {
- times.mtime = time( 0 );
- ssize_t n = write( source->fd, buf, todo );
- if ( n <= 0 ) {
- return -EIO; // Something wrong
- }
- buf += n;
- todo -= n;
- size -= n;
- off += n;
- }
- if ( source->dirty++ >= 1000 ) {
- fsync( source->fd );
- source->dirty = 0;
- }
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_write_buf(const char *path, struct fuse_bufvec *buf,
- off_t off, struct fuse_file_info *fi) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_write_buf( %s )\n", path );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-
- size_t size = 0;
- int i;
- for ( i = 0; i < buf->count; i++ ) {
- struct fuse_buf *p = &buf->buf[i];
- if ( p->flags & FUSE_BUF_IS_FD ) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "Content held in a file ... HELP!!\n" );
-#endif
- return -EIO;
- }
- if ( write_block( off, (char*) p->mem, p->size ) < 0 ) {
- return -EIO;
- }
- size += p->size;
- }
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_write_buf written %ld\n", size );
-#endif
- return size;
-}
-
-/**
- * Write a fragment at <off>. This overwrites files.
- */
-static int fusefile_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size,
- off_t off, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_write( %s %ld )\n", path, size );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
-
- if ( write_block( off, buf, size ) < 0 ) {
- return -EIO;
- }
- return size;
-}
-
-static void fusefile_destroy(void *data) {
- char *mnt = (char*) data; // As passed to fuse_main
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_destroy( %s )\n", mnt? mnt : "" );
-#endif
- if ( mnt ) {
- unlink( mnt );
- }
-}
-
-static void fsync_all_dirty() {
- int i = 0;
- for ( ; i < sources.count; i++ ) {
- if ( sources.array[i].dirty ) {
- fsync( sources.array[i].fd );
- sources.array[i].dirty = 0;
- }
- }
- if ( overlay.source.filename && overlay.source.dirty ) {
- fsync( overlay.source.fd );
- overlay.source.dirty = 0;
- }
-}
-
-static int fusefile_flush(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *info) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_flush( %s )\n", path );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- fsync_all_dirty();
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_release(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_release( %s, %d )\n", path, fi->flags );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int fusefile_fsync(const char *path, int x, struct fuse_file_info *fi) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_fsync( %s, %d )\n", path, x );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- fsync_all_dirty();
- return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- *
- */
-static int fusefile_truncate(const char *path, off_t len) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_truncate( %s, %ld )\n", path, len );
-#endif
- if ( strcmp( path, "/" ) != 0 ) {
- return -ENOENT;
- }
- return -EIO;
-}
-
-void *fusefile_init(struct fuse_conn_info *fci) {
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_init( %d, %d )\n", fci->async_read, fci->want );
-#endif
- // Disable asynchronous reading
- fci->async_read = 0;
- fci->want &= ~FUSE_CAP_ASYNC_READ;
-#if DEBUG
- fprintf( stderr, "fusefile_init( %d, %d )\n", fci->async_read, fci->want );
-#endif
- return 0;
-}
-
-#define ENDSOURCE( S ) ( S.start + ( S.to - S.from ) )
-
-/**
- * Dump the current fragmentation to stdout.
- */
-static int dump_fragments() {
- int oly = 0;
- int src = 0;
- size_t pos = 0;
- while ( src < sources.count ) {
- size_t x = ( oly < overlay.count )?
- overlay.table[ oly ].beg : sources.size;
- for ( ; src < sources.count &&
- ENDSOURCE( sources.array[ src ] ) <= x; src++ ) {
- // Dump sources.array[src] in full
- fprintf( stdout, "%s/%ld:%ld\n",
- sources.array[ src ].filename,
- pos - sources.array[ src ].start,
- sources.array[ src ].to );
- pos = ENDSOURCE( sources.array[ src ] );
- }
- if ( sources.array[ src ].start < x ) {
- // Dump sources.array[src] up to x;
- fprintf( stdout, "%s/%ld:%ld\n",
- sources.array[ src ].filename,
- pos - sources.array[ src ].start,
- x - sources.array[ src ].start );
- pos = ENDSOURCE( sources.array[ src ] );
- }
- if ( oly < overlay.count ) {
- fprintf( stdout, "%s/%ld:%ld\n",
- overlay.source.filename,
- overlay.table[ oly ].beg,
- overlay.table[ oly ].end );
- pos = overlay.table[ oly++ ].end;
- }
- for ( ; src < sources.count &&
- ENDSOURCE( sources.array[ src ] ) <= pos; src++ ) {
- // Just skip these fragments.
- }
- }
- return( 0 );
-}
-
-static struct fuse_operations fusefile_oper = {
- .getattr = fusefile_getattr,
- // NYI .fgetattr = fusefile_fgetattr,
- .chmod = fusefile_chmod,
- .open = fusefile_open,
- .read = fusefile_read,
- .poll = fusefile_poll,
- .write = fusefile_write,
- .write_buf = fusefile_write_buf,
- .destroy = fusefile_destroy,
- // NYI .access = fusefile_access,
- .flush = fusefile_flush,
- .release = fusefile_release,
- .fsync = fusefile_fsync,
- // NYI .ftruncate = fusefile_ftruncate,
- .truncate = fusefile_truncate,
- //.truncate = fusefile_truncate,
- //.release = fusefile_release,
- .init = fusefile_init,
-};
-
-static void usage() {
- char *usage =
-"Usage: fusefile [ <fuse options> ] <mount> <file/from-to> ... \n"
-"Mounts a virtual, file that is a concatenation of file fragments\n"
- ;
- fprintf( stderr, "%s", usage );
- exit( 1 );
-}
-
-/**
- * Set up the arguments for the fuse_main call, adding our own.
- * argv[argc] is the mount point argument
- */
-static int setup_argv(int argc,char ***argv) {
- // note: (*argv)[ argc ] is the mount point argument
- char *OURS[] = {
- "-odefault_permissions",
- (*argv)[ argc ]
- };
-#define OURSN ( sizeof( OURS ) / sizeof( char* ) )
- int N = argc + OURSN;
- // Allocate new arg array plus terminating null pointer
- char **out = malloc( ( N + 1 ) * sizeof( char* ) );
- int i;
- for ( i = 0; i < argc; i++ ) {
- out[ i ] = (*argv)[i];
- //fprintf( stderr, " %s", out[ i ] );
- }
- for ( i = 0; i < OURSN; i++ ) {
- out[ argc + i ] = OURS[i];
- //fprintf( stderr, " %s", out[ i ] );
- }
- out[ N ] = 0;
- //fprintf( stderr, "\n" );
- (*argv) = out;
- return N; // Don't include the terminating null pointer
-}
-
-/**
- * Mount a concatenation of files,
- * [ <fuse options> ] <mount> <file/from-to> ...
- */
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
- char *mnt;
- int mt;
- int fg;
- int i;
- int fuseargc;
- struct stat stbuf;
- int temporary = 0;
- // Scan past options
- for ( i = 1; i < argc; i++ ) {
- if ( *argv[i] != '-' ) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if ( i > argc - 2 ) { // At least mount point plus one source
- usage();
- }
- fuseargc = i;
- mnt = argv[ i++ ]; // First non-option argument is the mount pount
- char *overlaytag = "-overlay:";
- int overlaytagsize = strlen( overlaytag );
- if ( strncmp( argv[i], overlaytag, overlaytagsize ) == 0 ) {
- // consume "-overlay:filename"
- setup_overlay( argv[i++] + overlaytagsize ); // Need a writable file
- if ( i >= argc ) {
- usage();
- }
- }
- if ( setup_sources( argv, i, argc-i ) ) {
- return 1;
- }
- if ( overlay.source.filename ) {
- overlay.source.to = sources.size; // Register total size.
- overlay_load();
- }
- if ( stat( mnt, &stbuf ) == -1 ) {
- int fd = open( mnt, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR );
- if ( fd < 0 ) {
- perror( mnt );
- return 1;
- }
- time_t now = time( 0 );
- times.atime = now;
- times.mtime = now;
- times.ctime = now;
- temporary = 1;
- close( fd );
- } else if ( ! S_ISREG( stbuf.st_mode ) ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "mountpoint is not a regular file\n" );
- return 1;
- } else {
- times.atime = stbuf.st_atime;
- times.mtime = stbuf.st_mtime;
- times.ctime = stbuf.st_ctime;
- }
-
- {
- int fd = open( mnt, O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR );
- if ( fd < 0 ) {
- perror( mnt );
- return 1;
- }
- if ( lseek( fd, sources.size, SEEK_SET ) < 0 ) {
- return -EIO;
- }
- }
- fuseargc = setup_argv( fuseargc, &argv );
- if ( strcmp( "-dump", argv[ 1 ] ) == 0 ) {
- return dump_fragments();
- }
- struct fuse_args args = FUSE_ARGS_INIT( fuseargc, argv );
- if ( fuse_parse_cmdline( &args, &mnt, &mt, &fg ) ) {
- return 1;
- }
- fuse_opt_free_args( &args );
- if ( ! mnt ) {
- fprintf( stderr, "missing mountpoint parameter\n" );
- return 1;
- }
- return fuse_main( fuseargc, argv, &fusefile_oper, temporary? mnt : NULL );
-}
+++ /dev/null
-#!/usr/bin/newlisp
-#
-# This is a test script for the overlay function of fusefile.
-#
-# 1) prepare a base image
-# 2) set up a fusefile overlay
-# 3) run tests
-# 4) dismantle the fusefile overlay
-# 5) remove test images
-
-; ID is hour, minute and second values packed into a string
-(constant
- 'ID (apply string (3 3 (now)))
- 'BASE (format "%s.raw" ID)
- 'OLY (format "%s.oly" ID)
- 'SEGSZ 17000
- 'SEGN 40
- )
-
-(constant
- 'LIBC6 "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6"
- 'MINE "mine"
- )
-
-(import LIBC6 "on_exit" "int" "void*" "void*")
-
-;; Set up a fusefile
-(define (onexit x y)
- (write-line 2 (string "terminating: " x " " (get-string y)))
- (! (format "fusermount -u %s" BASE))
- (delete-file OLY)
- (delete-file BASE)
- )
-## note: BASE is set up as a holes file with SEGN segments of size SEGSZ
-(! (format "dd if=/dev/zero of=%s bs=%d seek=%d count=0 status=none"
- BASE SEGSZ SEGN))
-(unless (= (! (format "fusefile %s %s -overlay:%s %s"
- "-ononempty -oallow_other" BASE OLY BASE)))
- (exit 1))
-(on_exit (callback 'onexit "void" "int" "void*") MINE)
-
-(println (list BASE OLY))
-
-(define (die) (write-line 2 (apply string (args))))
-
-(define (prog1 x) x)
-
-(define (pos X (OFF 0))
- (+ (* SEGSZ X) OFF))
-
-(define (read-segment FILE X (OFF 0) (N SEGSZ))
- (let ((FD (open FILE "r")) (BUFFER ""))
- (seek FD (pos X OFF))
- (prog1 (when (= N (read FD BUFFER N)) BUFFER)
- (close FD))))
-
-(define (write-segment FILE X DATA (OFF 0))
- (let ((FD (open FILE "u")))
- (seek FD (pos X OFF))
- (write FD DATA)
- ;(seek FD -1)
- (close FD)))
-
-(define (read-ulong FD)
- (let ((BUFFER ""))
- (when (= 8 (read FD BUFFER 8)) ((unpack "ld" BUFFER) 0))))
-
-(define (read-table)
- (let ((AT (file-info BASE 0)) (FD (open OLY "r")) (COUNT 0) (OUT '()))
- (seek FD AT)
- (unless (setf COUNT (read-ulong FD))
- (write-line 2 "** Bad count")
- (exit 1))
- (push COUNT OUT -1)
- (dotimes (i COUNT)
- (push (list (read-ulong FD) (read-ulong FD)) OUT -1))
- OUT))
-
-(define (check-segment AT DATA (OFF 0))
- (write-segment BASE AT DATA OFF)
- (println
- (format "check %2d %d: %s %s %s" AT
- (length DATA)
- (if (= (read-segment BASE AT OFF (length DATA)) DATA) "ok" "error")
- (if (= (read-segment OLY AT OFF (length DATA)) DATA) "ok" "error")
- (string (read-table))))
- )
-
-;; Test 1
-(seed (date-value))
-(setf
- DATA (pack (dup "b" SEGSZ) (rand 256 SEGSZ))
- DATB (pack (dup "b" (* 4 SEGSZ)) (rand 256 (* 4 SEGSZ)))
- AT (- SEGN 4))
-(check-segment 0 DATA 0)
-
-(check-segment AT DATA)
-(check-segment (+ AT 2) DATA)
-(check-segment (+ AT 1) DATA)
-(check-segment (- AT 1) DATA -10)
-(check-segment (- AT 1) DATA 10)
-
-(check-segment 0 DATA 0)
-(check-segment 1 DATA 1)
-(check-segment 2 DATA 2)
-(check-segment 0 DATB 10)
-
-(check-segment (- SEGN 1) DATA 0)
-
-;(setf DATA (pack (dup "b" SEGSZ) (rand 256 SEGSZ)) AT (- SEGN 4))
-
-(exit 0)